The Elements Affecting Pet Bone Growth

一. Constant Element

1. Calcium

action mechanism: Calcium, as a component of animal body structure, participates in the composition of bones and teeth, and plays a supporting and protective role. Calcium deficiency in young animals can cause rickets, and calcium deficiency in adult animals can cause osteomalacia and osteoporosis.

2.Phosphorus

action mechanism: together with calcium, it participates in the structural composition of bones and teeth, ensuring bones and teeth. Diets low in calcium and high in phosphorus cause blood calcium to drop, and those with normal blood phosphorus are hypocalcemia rickets; diets with low phosphorus and high calcium cause blood phosphorus to drop, and those in normal blood calcium are hypophosphatemia rickets; diets with low calcium and phosphorus cause blood calcemia The corresponding reduction of phosphorus is true rickets.

3.Magnesium

action mechanism: Magnesium is involved in the composition of bones and teeth. Therefore, magnesium deficiency can also cause bone abnormalities.

二. Trace Elements

1. Copper is one of the elements for the formation of bone cells, collagen and elastin.

2. Manganese : 25% of the manganese content in animals is deposited in the inorganic matter of bone.

3. Fluorine: 80%-90% of ingested fluorine is deposited in bones and teeth in the form of fluoroapatite.

三. Vitamins

1. Vitamin A: Vitamin A can affect the activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the cartilage epithelium, thereby causing bone deformation.

2. Vitamin D: Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the intestine, increase the level of calcium and phosphorus in the blood, and promote bone calcification.

3. Vitamin K: Vitamin K participates in bone development through carboxylation. The carboxylation reaction converts the inactive glutamic acid residue (Glu) in the vitamin K-dependent protein (mainly osteocalcin) in the bone into an active monocarboxyglutamic acid (Gla), and the carboxylated bone Calcein has a high affinity with cations such as Ca and can combine with hydroxyapatite to mineralize bone.

Osteocalcin (osteocalin) is a non-collagen protein produced and secreted by osteoblasts, which has the function of bone metabolism regulating hormone. At present, many studies believe that the main function of osteocalcin is to maintain the normal mineralization rate of bone, inhibit the formation of abnormal hydroxyapatite, and inhibit the mineralization rate of growing cartilage.