Do You Know What Other B vitamins Vital to Health?

Do You Know What Other B vitamins Vital to Health?

Vitamin B2 (riboflavin)

Riboflavin was discovered in 1937, but its importance in preventing some diseases was not fully appreciated until the 1980s. Riboflavin contributes to the health of the skin and fur. A lack of vitamin B2 can cause changes in the skin around the eyes and abdomen.

It is common in nature and is found in yeast, liver and eggs.

Riboflavin is water-soluble and very sensitive to light.

Vitamin B2 and vitamin B3 are involved in energy production (Figure 29)

Vitamin B3 (niacin)

Niacin is also known as vitamin PP and niacin. In humans, it helps prevent pellagra - a serious disease that combines the skin, digestive, nervous and blood systems. In dogs, the deficiency can lead to dermatitis around the abdomen and hind legs. Along with other B vitamins, niacin protects the skin by promoting the synthesis of skin fats (especially ceramides), helping to prevent skin dehydration.

In dogs, some niacin is synthesized from tryptophan, an essential amino acid, but not enough for all daily needs. This ability is very limited in cats, so niacin must be added to the diet. Niacin is found in most foods and in large amounts in meat, fish and grains.

Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid)

Pantothenic acid is commonly found in foods, which means that pantothenic acid deficiency is rare and symptoms are common. This discovery earned Fritz Lipmann the 1953 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.

As an element of coenzyme A, pantothenic acid is involved in almost all metabolic processes. Working synergistically with other B vitamins (niacin and choline), it protects the skin by promoting the synthesis of skin fat.

The name of this vitamin comes from the Greek pantos, which means "everywhere." The main sources are meat, tripe and eggs.

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Pyridoxine was discovered in the mid-20th century, and many of its effects in the human body are still being studied. As a coenzyme, it plays multiple roles in different metabolic pathways, especially the metabolism of amino acids.

Its sources include yeast, wheat germ and meat.

Pyridoxine deficiency can cause skin, nerve and blood disorders.

Vitamin B7 (Biotin)

Biotin, also known as vitamin H, is one of the most important vitamins for lustrous fur and healthy skin in animals, and is also directly involved in the healthy functioning of the nervous system.

Eating large amounts of raw egg whites was found to cause skin damage, hair loss and neuromuscular disease in studies of "protein diseases" of the last century. Biotin is found in yeast and is inhibited by avidin in raw egg whites.

In dogs, biotin is produced by gut bacteria, which means that biotin only needs to be obtained from food in the presence of antimicrobials. For cats, dietary sources are required.

Biotin is involved in the breakdown of glucose, fatty acids and some amino acids, and is also an essential substance for the synthesis of other fatty acids. Biotin is also essential for skin and coat health. It is present in large amounts in the liver and kidneys.

Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)

Folic acid is involved in the development of nervous system tissues. A lack of vitamin B9 can lead to fetal malformations (such as spina bifida). Folic acid supplementation in pregnant bitches helps reduce the incidence of cleft palate in newborn puppies. Folic acid also helps prevent anemia.

Folic acid is stored in the liver, is required for rapid cell proliferation (as in the fetus), and is involved in the synthesis of essential DNA components. In dogs, some folate is produced by gut bacteria. However, it is unclear whether this is sufficient for daily needs, thus requiring dietary sources. Cats must be provided with folic acid from food.

Yeast is a good source of folic acid, and liver and some green vegetables like spinach are also rich in folic acid.

Vitamin B12 (cobalamin)

Cobalamin was isolated in the mid-20th century during research into the anti-anemia function of the liver. It is the only vitamin that contains the mineral (cobalt).

It is a coenzyme in many basic biochemical reactions and also plays a major role in the synthesis of proteins and the production of red blood cells.

Cobalamin is only found in animal products (liver, kidney, heart, lung, fish and meat), deficiencies due to reduced absorption due to aging, vegetarian diets, digestive diseases and some forms of cancer must be addressed through diet compensate.

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